Construction of walls and partitions of buildings.



H. H. VOUGHT, JR. CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND PARTITIONS OF BUILDINGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11. 1912.

Patented Feb. 11, 1913.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY VOUGHT, JR., 0F MOUNT VERNON. NEW .YORK.

CONSTRUCTION or WALLS AND ram'irrons or BUILDINGS.

To all whom it may concern Be 'it known. that I, H'ABRY- H. VoUoH'r, Jr.,- a citizen of the United St-ates,."'and a resident of the city of lllount Vernon,

county of Westchester, State of New York,

have inventeda new and useful Improve ment in thelGons't-ruction of alls and PartitionsofB uildings.

The invention relates to the blocks themselves and alsoincludes the method by which they are used in practice. v

Generally stated, the purpose of the invention ;is to avoid the'settlem'ent of walls and partitions made of hollow building blocks, which occasions interior and exte- 'rior cracks, one or both, andalso tends to-- weaken the structure as a whole.

I accomplish the desired object by forming the 'blocks with at least onecentrally disposedand vertically-arranged opening or hollow space and at" each end of each block an inwardly extending recess of' a different shape from the opening made at the central part thereof, and inlaying up the walls or partitions thel blocks 'in succeeding courses are'arranged in so-called regular bond, 1'. e., so asto break joints, that is to say,- the open space formed by the vrecesses in the ends of abutting blocks in one course will register with the open space thi'ough'the center of the blocks in the courses above and below and so on indefinitely throughout the wall. or partition, with the result that the shape of the open spaces in the successive courses will differ, presenting in every alternate course shoulders, ledges, or similar surfaces into and upon which the fluid concrete which forms the vertical studs will flow when it i is poured into such channels or openings and thus constitute a concrete stud whichvmay,

if desired, be strengthened by the usual metal reinforce; thus every alternate course will rest upon and be supported by the'shoulders or ledges upon the vertical concrete stud which has been formed by the flowing of t-he'concrete-into and filling-the differently shaped spaces or openings in'theiseveral courses, The vertical studs preferably oot at theirlower ends upon the solid founatiou-of the structure.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l illus- Specification of Letters latent. Patented Feb; 11, 1913; Application filed May 11, 1912. Serial No. 696,554. 7

trates a plan View of the top of awall embodyin'g my invention; Fig.v 2. illustrates an elevation of a section of a wall, partly broken away, embodying the invention; Fig.

3'illustrates' in perspective one of my con crete studs'as it will appear if the building blocks which originally inclosed it are broken away, thus leaving the stud standing alone byitself; Fig. 4 illustrates a plan view of the preferred shape to be given to the several sections of the stud; F ig; 5 illustrates a modification.

'1, l, 1, represent the building blocks. They are shown as haiving'three substantially square and vertically arranged openings extending through them, which are marked 2, 2, 2, one of which is at the center of the block, andreoesses in the abutting ends, which in the drawings are shown as half diamond shape and marked 3, 3, 3.

In Fig. 2 the blocks are shown as they will be when laid up in regular bond.

The semi-diamond shaped openings formed by the recesses in the abutting ends of adjoining blocks are brought together, thus producing a vertical open space of complete or full diamond shape and these openings register with the squarevertical openings in the center of the blocks in the course immediately below and also in the course im- 'mediately above. The reinforcing metal is represented at 5.

From what has been said above, the method of practising theinvention is'obv'ious. The several courses of blocks are laid up in so-called regularbond, or break-joint fashion, so that the abutting ends of each' alternate coursecome opposite and register with the openings at or nearthe center of the blocks in the adjoining courses and this method onarrangement is repeated throughout the entire Wall or partition. After a few courses have been laid, the metallic reinforce, if it is to be used, is introduced through the differently shaped openings in the several courses and it preferably extends down to or nearly to the underlying-foundation of the structure. Thereupon fluid concrete prepared in any of the preferred waysand of any preferred composition, "is poured in at the top of the openings containing the reinforce. -The concrete dropping vertically through the openings in the several courses .Will' be compressed by its own weight and fluidity into all the spaces 6 accessible to it in the several courses, thus forming a vertical stud strengthened interiorly by reinforcing metal, if it be used, and having at 1 every alternate course vshoulders or ledges upon-which the superposed course "restsand by which it is permanently sustained against settlement. This is fully illustrated in Fig. 3 which illustrates the concrete stud standing alone by itself, the blocks having been stripped ofi. In thisffigiire '5,.eillustrates the reinforcing metal and 6 the diamond shaped sections of the sftud', -7--the square sections thereof and 8, 8, representgtihe horizontal shoulders or ledges upon which the superposed courses of building blocks are supported. The same construction is shown in Fig. 4. It will of course beunderstood that in the wall or' partition made under my invention the stud bonds" itself rigidly in -.with the building blocks,.so,that if the blocks are-properly laid up with cement of suitablecomposition,

the blocks and the stud composing the vvall pitpartition :become in effect monolithic.

I-Icallparticular attention to -the follow-' Lin features which are characteristic of,

and, as ,I believe, differentiate my method of construction from anythin'gheretofore known, that to "say, the vertical' studs,

- whether 'reinfo rced or not, *resulting from 86 myflmethod or rocessofforming half r ein the e s of the building blocks, in

conjunction with differently shaped opening's at or nearthe center of the blocks, they being then laid up in regular bond, enable me toproduce within theopen spaces thus {made andarranged andby the flowing process, what I term deformed vertica studs and thedeforma-tion consists in providing at 'suitable'places, preferably at every al- 46 ledges, whatever the form may-be, upon the stud, which shall,-as above set forth, afford supportto every two courses of blocks throughout the entire height of thewall or at least measurably precluded inasmuch as the'weightof everytwo courses of blocks through'the entire wall or partition, irrespective of hei ht, will be carried by the vertically. arrange closely spaced studs and will not be imposed upon the underlying or lower courses, as is usually the case, and which sometimes results in breaking the bond or grip of the concrete or cement upon smoothsided studs, thus permitting settlement and resulting in serious and sometimes dangerous disorganization of the structure. It willlbe obvious to those who are familiar with this art that a number of modifications or departures from that which I have be given to the deformations'of the studs.

ternate course,- enlargements-or shoulders or' partitiomso that settling will be wholly, or

above described may be practised and still the essentials of the invention retained, that is to say, although I prefer that the alternate deformations in the vertical studs shall be square and diamondshapedas illustrated because the square form presents the largest area of shoulder or ledge and the diamond shape gives the greatest tensile strength with the least. amount of concrete, nevertheless any other preferred shape may One such I-show in *Fig. 5 wherein the smaller section or deformation is shown at 9 and-is oval in form. The underlying deformation or section is shown as square, the same as before. In this construction it will be noted that the ledgesor shoulders of the squared part are not so well adapted to support the superposed courses of building blocks because they are materiall' smaller in area than are the like shoulders shown in Fig. 4. Alsoalt-hough I prefer to use reinforcing metal in the centerof each vertical stud, such is not essential, especiallyin relatively low buildings, or in buildings in which the walls are made very thick. Also yaQhough I show in the drawings hereof building blocks having dove-tailed projec tions on the-outer andinner surfaces inorder to hold more securely the outer finish- 5 ing skin and the inner coating of plaster or equivalent material, nevertheless this feature forms no essential part of the invention. Any form of building block made of any preferred material and of any preferred shape, provided it 'has the end recesses and the substantially central open, spaces referred to, may be used.

Although. I prefer to employ, particularly for exterior walls, salt glazed or ,vitri 05 fied or similarly treated blocks, because they are waterproof and much stronger than blocks not so treated, nevertheless obviously this feature also is not essential tothe invention.

I claim as my invention.

1. A building block having through its body a plurality of vertical openings, one of them being in the longitudinal center of the block, and a vertical recess at each end '115 of the block, the construction and arrangement of the latter being such that when adjoining blocks are brought together end 4 to end the vertical openings made by the contiguous recesses will be so different from 120 the central openin as to produce shoulders in the concrete filing at every alternate course. 1

2. A wall embodying building blocks, each having through its body a plurality of ver- 126 end to end, the vertical openings made by name to this specifieation in the presence gogtiguougmrecesfies in tlieir ends will be of two subscribing witnesses.

i erent m" t e centre opening in each s block the vertical spaces thus made extend- I HARRY U H 5 ing tlirough the several courses being filled Witnesses:

with concrete. PHILLIPS ABBorrr, In testimony. whereof I have signed my F. M. DAUSBACK. 

